Improved regional and on-farm biosecurity, including the introduction of a risk-based trading system, may have contributed to improved attitudes to OJD control, although attitudinal differences between OJD endemic areas and where the disease is not well established remain. Despite declining OJD prevalence as determined by abattoir surveillance, the disease continues to spread, with OJD extension programs required to continually address the misinformation promulgated by some disaffected producers as new areas have become affected. OJD is no longer the serious animal health issue that it was for many Australian rural communities a decade and a half ago. As vaccination for OJD has contributed significantly to the welfare of Australian sheep, the livelihoods of producers, and reduced risk of MAP entering the human food chain, it should be more widely adopted globally.
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However, as disease spread has continued, control program extension renewal to encourage the safe and wider use of vaccination, plus address misinformation promulgated by some disaffected producers, is required.
Control strategies for paratuberculosis potentially include (i) test and cull programs (ii) management interventions to reduce faecal–oral transmission and/or (iii) vaccination to limit and suppress infection, with the decline in OJD concern in Australia mostly attributable to vaccination programs providing effective disease suppression. Ovine Johne’s Disease (OJD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( MAP) and is a less serious animal health issue in Australia than it was 10–20 years ago, with abattoir surveillance confirming declining prevalence.
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